Jean-Pierre Changeux is a French neurobiologist known for his research in several areas of biology, from the structure and function of proteins (particularly allosteric proteins), to the early development of the nervous system, and up to cognitive functions.

Famous in the biological sciences for the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model, he is also recognised for the identification and purification of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and for the theory of epigenesis by selective stabilization of synapses.

Changeux is known to the non-scientific public for his ideas on the relationship between mind and brain. As he writes in his book Matière à pensée, Changeux advocates the view that the nervous system is active rather than reactive, and that interaction with the environment, instead of being instructive, results from the selection of pre-existing internal representations.

He has been a member of the Académie des sciences since 1986.